CHAPTER5_EXERCISE16_MYERS

Chapter 5 Exercise 16

In sports and games, many expressions are “performative.” By shouting You're out, the first base umpire performs an act. Think up half a dozen or so similar examples and explain their use.

• King me. In checkers when a player reaches the other side of the board the opposing player has to place a checker on top of the existing checker to make it king.
• Touchdown. In football when a player catches or runs a ball into the end zone.
• Stealing bases. In baseball when the runner runs to a base before a ball is hit.
• Nice shot. When a player scores in either basketball, soccer, hockey, pool, or any sport where a ball or puck is entered into a net or basket.
• Jump ball. In basketball when two players from opposite teams hold on to the ball then one of the teams receives the ball and they alternate turns.
• Four. When this is yelled in golf it means someone hit the ball off of the green and it might hit someone.
• Off sides. In soccer when an offensive player runs down field ahead of the defensive players and the ball is passed to him he is off sides.

Chapter 5, #16 A.Haddad

16. In sports and games, many expressions are performative.  By shouting You're Out, the first base umpire performs an act.  Think up half a dozen or so similar examples and explain their use.

1. Football- First down. (referee puts index finger in air to indicate #1 as a first down.)
- cheer leading- cheerleaders have cheers for First down- *First and Ten* - hand with index finger pointed upwards moves from chest to air during cheer.
First down- where offensive team has been able to run or place the football ten yards further to their goal for a touchdown.
2. Basketball- Traveling (referees roll their hands in circular motion to indicate that a player has taken more than 3 steps without bouncing the ball.
3. Any sport- Time out- (2 hands make the letter T, indicates Time needs to be taken from the game.  Usually captains and coaches are only able to call Time outs in a game. )
4. Baseball- 
Out- Umpire strikes hand downward with fist closed indicating that a player has been thrown out at either 1st base, 2nd base, 3rd base, or home plate; their ball was caught by the opposing team, or they struck out while batting.
Safe- umpire uses to hands and starting with an X gesture in front of their chest, swipes hands out from the X and strikes arms opposite way.  Safe indicates that a player was not thrown out by the opposing team for either running to the bases or stealing a base.
Fair ball- depending on where the ball was hit (1st base line, 3rd base line) umpire uses that hand to point with pointer finger if the ball will still be in play after it was hit by the batter. 
Foul ball- umpire waves hands in air making an X in the air to indicate that the ball is out of play and that the opposing team cannot play the ball that was hit.
Strike-out- umpire yells Haaaaa and performs "out" gesture! indicating that either the player swung and missed the ball or struck out by looking at the pitches.  Strike out- batter was not able to make contact with the baseball and put it into play in the field.  Batter either struck out (not being able to make contact) or did not swing at the last available pitch. 

Chapter 5: Exercise 16_Lopez

Mirna Callejas-Lopez

Chapter 5: Exercise # 16

In sports and games, many expressions are “performative.” By shouting “You’re out, the first base umpire performs an act. Think up half a dozen or so similar examples and explain their use.

1.     Game:  Tag- Designated “it” runs after others to tap them on their shoulder, when he taps another person the “it” says "Tag, you're it" means "Got you, you are the “it” that’s chasing now

2.     Game:  Basketball- "Foul!" accompanied by gesture indicating where the illegal contact occurred by the referee.

3.     Game: Baseball- "Fair ball!" when the ball “grounder” touches the top of the 3rd base bag the umpire will then get the left fielder to  retrieve the ball signaling to the team to get it back into the infield as soon as possible.

4.     Game: Baseball: "Strike 1,2,3” Umpire keeps record of  number of strikeouts in an inning, since it is possible for a batter to safely reach first base without recording an out if the catcher does not hold the third strike.

5.     Game: Football- “foul: a violation of football’s rules by a team or player, punishable by a penalty.

6.     Game: Football -“touchdown” when a team crosses the opponent’s goal line with the ball, catches a pass in the opponent’s end zone, or recovers a loose ball in the opponent’s end zone; earns a team 6 points.

CHAPTER5_EXERCISE17_KALBERER

Chapter 5- Exercise 17

Determine which of the following are performative sentences by inserting “hereby” and seeing whether they sound right.

c.     I (hereby) testify that she met the agent.

d.    I (hereby) know that she met the agent.  (No.)

e.    I (hereby) suppose the Yankees will win. (No.)

f.    He (hereby) bet her $2,500 that Bush would win. (No)

g.    I (hereby) dismiss the class.

h.    I (hereby) teach the class.  (No.)

i.    We (hereby) promise to leave early.

j.     I (hereby) owe the IRS $1 million. (no.)

k.    I (hereby) bequeath $1 million to the IRS.

l.     I (hereby) swore I didn’t do it. (No.)

m.   I (hereby) swear I didn’t do it.

Chapter 5 Exercises_Bergen
Question 17 Performative Sentences

c. I "hereby" testify that she met the agent. Performative
d. I "hereby" know that she met the agent.
e. I "hereby" suppose the Yankees will win.
f. He bet her $2,500 that Bush would win.
g. I "hereby" dismiss the class. Performative
h. I "hereby" teach the class. Performative
i. We "hereby" promise to leave early.
j. I "hereby" owe the IRS $1 million.
k. I "hereby" bequeath $1 million to the IRS.Performative
l.  I "hereby" swore I didn't do it.
m. I "hereby" swaear I didn't do it. Performative

CHAPTER5EXERCISE17_CHAPIN

c.   I hereby testify that she met the agent.                
          -   performative utterance

d.   I know that she met the agent.

e.   I suppose the Yankees will win.

f.    He bet her $2,500 that Bush would win.

g.   I hereby dismiss the class.                                  
          -   performative utterance

h.   I teach the class.

i.    We hereby promise to leave early.                      
          -   performative utterance

j.    I owe the IRS $1 million.

k.   I hereby bequeath $1 million to the IRS.             
          -   performative utterance

l.    I swore I didn't do it.

m.  I hereby sweat I didn't do it.                                 
          -   performative utterance

Chapter 7 exercise # 1 A. Williams

 Find similar sets of minimal pairs for each pair of consonants give:

a.       /k/-/g/        kill-gill, backed-bagged, back-bag

b.      /m/-/n/      mail-nail, games-gains, gum-gun

c.       /l/-/r/         lacks-racks , collect-correct , ally-awry

d.      /b/-/v/       bow-vow, gibe-jive, lab-lav

e.      /b/-/m/     back-mac, chubby-chummy, cab-cam

f.        /p/-/f/        pill-fill, depend-defend, alp-Alf

g.       /s/ -/sh/    cell-shell, gases-gashes, gas-gash

h.      /ch/-/j/     chest-jest, perching-purges, catch-badge

i.         /s/-/z/      sip-zip, used-used, advice-advise

Chapter 5 exercise # 6- A. Williams

In sports and games, many expressions are “performative.” By shouting You’re out, the first base umpire performs an act. Think of half a dozen or so similar examples and explain their use.

-These sentences contain a performative verb to accomplish some act.  

1.      I promise to never tell a lie.

2.      I nominate Angela Williams for teacher of the year.

3.      I promise to be there on time.

4.      I bet you ten dollars the Giants will win.

5.      I challenge you to a wrestling match.

6.      I dare you to call me stupid.

7.      I insist you take this money.

CHAPTER 8 EXERCISE 7 O'MALLEY

a. children--childs
b. went--goed
c. better--gooder (?)
d. best--goodest (?)
e. brought--bringed
f. sang--singed
g. geese--goose
h. worst--baddest (?)
i. knives--knifes
j. worse--badder (?)

CHAPTER 5 EXERCISES 17 AND 18 O'MALLEY

17. Performative sentences: c, g, i, k, m

18. A. Maxim of Relevance: the child deliberately misinterprets his mother's question to be about the action of the crumbs, rather than about how the crumbs got there (i.e., whether he ate the cookie).

      B. Maxim of Relevance(?): The owner's point was that fresh laundry is enticing. The cat misinterpreted her statement to be about his belief that cats rule the world.

Chapter4_Exercise23_Woods_Bergen_Williams