Chapter 5, #16 A.Haddad

16. In sports and games, many expressions are performative.  By shouting You're Out, the first base umpire performs an act.  Think up half a dozen or so similar examples and explain their use.

1. Football- First down. (referee puts index finger in air to indicate #1 as a first down.)
- cheer leading- cheerleaders have cheers for First down- *First and Ten* - hand with index finger pointed upwards moves from chest to air during cheer.
First down- where offensive team has been able to run or place the football ten yards further to their goal for a touchdown.
2. Basketball- Traveling (referees roll their hands in circular motion to indicate that a player has taken more than 3 steps without bouncing the ball.
3. Any sport- Time out- (2 hands make the letter T, indicates Time needs to be taken from the game.  Usually captains and coaches are only able to call Time outs in a game. )
4. Baseball- 
Out- Umpire strikes hand downward with fist closed indicating that a player has been thrown out at either 1st base, 2nd base, 3rd base, or home plate; their ball was caught by the opposing team, or they struck out while batting.
Safe- umpire uses to hands and starting with an X gesture in front of their chest, swipes hands out from the X and strikes arms opposite way.  Safe indicates that a player was not thrown out by the opposing team for either running to the bases or stealing a base.
Fair ball- depending on where the ball was hit (1st base line, 3rd base line) umpire uses that hand to point with pointer finger if the ball will still be in play after it was hit by the batter. 
Foul ball- umpire waves hands in air making an X in the air to indicate that the ball is out of play and that the opposing team cannot play the ball that was hit.
Strike-out- umpire yells Haaaaa and performs "out" gesture! indicating that either the player swung and missed the ball or struck out by looking at the pitches.  Strike out- batter was not able to make contact with the baseball and put it into play in the field.  Batter either struck out (not being able to make contact) or did not swing at the last available pitch.