Chapter 5#7_Shah

Go on an idiom hunt. In the course of some hours in which you converse or overhear conversations, write down all the idioms that are used.

·                            He’s “on top of the world.”

·                            It’s “dirt cheap.”

·                            I feel like I’m “walking on air.”

·                            She “has a heart of gold.”

·                            She’s “catching some Z’s.”

·                            He “bite off more than he could chew.”

·                            She’s “blowing his own horn.”

·                            You need to “stay on your toes.”

·                            He’s “nuts about you.”

·                            She “has butterflies in her stomach.”

·                            “Hold your horses.”

·                            He’s “hitting the books.”

Tina's Syntax Ch 4 Ex. 23 a & b

Chapter 4;  Exercise #21
C. Bonner-Johnson   5/17/12

Explain the role of a deletion transformation similar to the ones just discussed in the following humorous dialogue between "two old married folks."

He:   Do you still love me as much as you used to?
She:  As much as I used to what?

The role of a deletion transformation in the above sentences have been transformed into a single surface structure.  The sentences are ambiguous.  Do you love me as much as you used to?  Used to what ( love me )?  Love me has been deleted in the sentence.   The responding sentence is answered with a question instead of a yes or no response.  As much as I used to what?  As much as I used to love Harry, shopping,  chocolate, etc. Information has been left out.  A lot of the meaning of a sentence is interpreted from its d-structure.  The text states ( An Introduction to Language ) by generating questions in two steps, there is a relationship that exists between a question and its corresponding statement.  Intuitively, we know that these type of sentences are related.  The derived structures- the ones that follow the application of transformational rules are called surface structures or s-structures. 

Chapter 4:  Exercise # 3
C. Bonner-Johnson     5/15/12

Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two ways to show that you understand the ambiguity involved:

a.  Dick finally decided on the boat.
     i.   Dick decided on purchasing the boat.
     ii.  He was on the boat when he made the purchase.

b.  The professor's appointment was shocking.
      i.   The professor's appointment of a student was shocking.
      ii.  The appointment of the professor by the dean was shocking.

c.  The design has big squares and circles.
     i.  The design has big squares and big circles on it.
     ii.  The design has big squares and and regular size circles on it.


d.   That sheepdog is too hairy to eat.
      i.  The sheepdog has a lot of hair and he can't see very well to eat.
      ii.  The sheepdog is full of hair and it interferes with eating.
      ii.  The mountain lion can't eat the sheepdog because it's too hairy.

e.  Could this be the invisible man's hair tonic?
     i.   The hair tonic could belong to the invisible man.
     ii.  The invisible man's tonic could belong to his hair.

f.  The governor is a dirty street fighter.
    i.    The governor is a thug.
    ii.   The governor doesn't fight fair.
    iii.  The governor is dirty ( not clean ) when he fights.

g.  I cannot recommend him too highly.
     i.   My recommendation is inadequate.
     ii.  I can't recommend him as excellent, only as fair or basic.

h.  Terry loves his wife and so do I.
     i.   Terry loves his wife and I love my wife too.
     ii.  Terry loves his wife and I love his wife too.

i.  They said she would go yesterday.
    i.  Yesterday, they said she would go.
    ii.  She went yesterday.

j.  No smoking section available.
    i.    No smoke free sections available.
    ii.   Smoking sections are unavailable.
    iii.  You can not smoke in just any section that's available.




   
    

Ch. 5 # 7 A. Haddad

#7- Go on an idiom hunt, In the course of some hours in which you converse or overhear conversations, write down all the idioms that are used.

* A slap on the wrist 
*All bark and no bite
*Back seat driver 
*Finger lickin' good
*Got up on the wrong side of the bed?
*You can't have your cake and eat it
*You made your bed, now you have to lie in it.
*Zip your lip
*Needle in a haystack
*Deer in the headlights
*Diamond in the Rough
*Calm before the storm

chapter 5 #7 Moreland

Chapter 5 #7

Go on an idiom hunt. In the course of some hours in which you converse or overhear conversations, write down all the idioms that are used.

• Horse around
• String someone along
• Cat got your tongue
• Let the cat out of the bag
• The early bird catches the worm
• Out of the woods
• Bite the dust
• Drive someone up a wall
• Straight from the horses mouth
• Scratch someone back
• Play it by ear
• Make ends meet

chapter 4 # 21 Moreland

Explain the role of a deletion transformation similar to the ones just discussed in the following humorous dialogue between "two old married folks"

He: Do you still love me as much as you used to?

SHE: As much as I used to what?


In this case the husband deleted the words “love me” at the end of the question. He could have said “Do you still love me as much as you used to love me?” As a result, his wife did not have clarity on what he was referring to. The interesting thing is the answer to her inquiry are also the words at were deleted from the original question.

chapter 4 # 3 Moreland

3. Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two ways to show that you understand the ambiguity involved:

a. Dick finally decided on a the boat.

Dick finally made a decision about something on the boat. (He will have chicken instead of fish.)

Dick finally decided to buy the boat.

b. The professor’s appoint was shocking.

The professor being appointed to a higher position was shocking to everyone.

The professor appointment with the doctor was shocking to him.

c. The design has big squares and circles.

The design has big squares and smaller  circles.

The design has big squares and big circles.

d. That sheepdog is to hairy to eat.

The sheepdog is to hairy for humans to eat as meal.

The sheepdog has to much hair it prevents him from being able to eat.

e. Could this be the invisible man’s hair tonic?

The hair tonic that makes man invisible.

The hair tonic that the invisible man uses.

F. The governor is a dirty street fighter

The governor is passionate about a beautiful city with clean streets.

The governor fights (boxing, hits etc) dirty in the street with his citizens.

g. I cannot recommend him to highly.

I cannot recommend him because I do not care for him or his character.

I cannot recommend him because he did not do well on something.


h. Terry loves his wife and so do I.

Terry loves his wife and the person loves Terry wife too.

Terry loves his wife and the person loves his own wife too.

i. They said she would go yesterday.

They said she would go some where like to the mall or store.

They said she would die yesterday.

j. No smoking section available.

A section where you could spoke is not available.

A section where you are not allowed to smoke is available.

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

Chapter 5_Question 8_Michelle Ro

Chapter 5: Question 8_Michelle Ro

Semantic Features

A. (a) bachelor, man, son, paperboy, pope, chief

(b) bull, rooster, drake, ram

The (a) and (b) words describe males.

The (a) words describe males relating to humans.

The (b) words describe males relating to animals.

B. (a) table, stone, pencil, cup, house, ship, car

(b) milk, alcohol, rice, soup, mud

The (a) words are objects that are solid in form and cannot change in shape.

The (b) words are objects that have a more liquid form and can be shaped.

C. (a) book, temple, mountain, road, tractor

(b) idea, love, charity, sincerity, bravery, fear

The (a) words are things that you can see with your eyes.

The (b) words are ideas that you cannot see with your eye.

D. (a) pine, elm, ash, weeping, willow, sycamore

(b) rose, dandelion, aster, tulip, daisy

The (a) and (b) words are plants.

The (a) words are kinds of trees.

The (b) words are kinds of flowers.

E. (a) book, letter, encyclopedia, novel, notebook, dictionary

(b) typewriter, pencil, pen, crayon, quill, charcoal, chalk

The (a) words are things you can read.

The (b) words are utensils that you use to write something you can read.

F. (a) walk, run, skip, jump, hop, swim

(b) fly, skate, ski, ride, cycle, canoe, hang-glide

The (a) and (b) words are exercises.

The (a) words are things that you can do using just your body (No other equipment is needed).

The (b) words are exercises that you need equipment in order to do.

G. (a) ask, tell, say, talk, converse

(b) shout, whisper, mutter, drawl, holler

The (a) and (b) words are ways to communicate.

The (a) words are do not require sound.

The (b) words are require sound.

H. (a) absent-present,  alive-dead,  asleep-awake,  married-single

(b) big-small, cold-hot,  sad-happy,  slow-fast

The (a) and (b) words are opposites.

The (a) words are objective adjectives.

The (b) words are subjective adjectives.

I. (a) alleged, counterfeit, false, putative, accused

(b) red, large, cheerful, pretty, stupid

The (a) words are ??

The (b) words are adjectives.

Chapter 5: Exercise 5_Lopez

Mirna Callejas-Lopez

Chapter 5 Exercise 5

The following sentences may be lexical or structurally ambiguous, or both. Provide paraphrases showing that you comprehend all the meanings.

Example: I saw him walking by the bank

Meaning 1) I saw him walking and he was walking by the bank of the river

Meaning 2) I saw him and he was walking by the financial institution.

Meaning 3) I was walking by the bank of the river when I saw him

Meaning 4: I was walking by the financial institution when I saw him.

Exercise 5:

a)   We laughed at the colorful ball ( what is colorful? The ball)

Meaning 1) We laughed at the colorful ball that bounce on the floor.

Meaning 2) We laughed at the colorful ball when we entered the dance floor.

Meaning 3) The colorful  ball was too bouncy  that we laughed to see the boy could not catch it.

Meaning4) The Ballroom decorations were to colorful that we had to laugh.

b)   He was knocked over by the punch. (What knocked him over? The Punch)

Meaning 1) He was knocked over by the man’s fist when he punched him.

Meaning 2) He was intoxicated by drinking spiked punch.

Meaning 3) The punch spilled on the floor and the man hit his head and was

knocked out for 5 minutes

     Meaning 4) “The Punch” famous boxer knocked him over on the last round.

c)    The police were urged to stop drinking by the fifth.

(What did the police had to stop? Drinking & fifth)

Meaning 1) The police were urged to stop drinking by the fifth rule of the Police handbook.

Meaning 2) The Police were urged to report to Fifth Avenue and stop illegal drinking.

Meaning 3) The Police were urged to stop people drinking fifth of liquor.

     Meaning 4) The police were urged to stop drinking by the fifth of the month or they will be suspended.

d)   I said I would file it on Thursday (What do you need to do? File it? Thursday )

Meaning 1) I said I would file it on Thursday to avoid late fees

Meaning 2) I said I would take the file and put it away on Thursday.

Meaning 3) I said I would use a wood file on Thursday to finish the shelf.
e) I cannot recommend visiting professors very highly. ( Visiting, professor, highly)

Meaning 1) I don’t recommend meeting professors after hours.

Meaning 2) I don’t recommend meeting professors to be effective.

Meaning 3) I cannot recommend “Guest Lecturer  Professors” to be knowledgeable.   

f)The license fee for pets owned by senior citizens who have  not been altered  is $1.50 (Actual Notice) (license fee, senior citizens altered)

Meaning 1) The license fee for pets owned by senior citizens that haven’t had their pets neutered is $1.50.

Meaning 2) The license fee for pet owners that are senior citizens that have not been altered (forged) is $1.50.  

    

g) What looks better on a handsome man than a tux? Nothing. (handsome, tux)

Meaning 1) A handsome man looks better in a tux, than when he is wearing any other kind of clothing

Meaning 2) A handsome man would still look handsome if he was wearing nothing, unless it was tux.

Meaning 3) A tux makes a handsome man look more handsome

     Meaning4) In order for a man to look handsome he must wear a tux.

h) Wanted: Man to take care of cow that does not smoke or drink (man, cow)

Meaning 1) Will hire a man that does not smoke or drink that can tend a cow.
(is nonsmoker/drinker)

Meaning 2) Will hire a man that can tend to a cow that does not smoke or drink

i)For Sale: Several old dresses from grandmother in beautiful condition. (Actual notice) (dresses)

Meaning 1) Sale of old dresses that belong to my grandmother who is in beautiful condition

Meaning 2) Sale of old dresses that are in beautiful condition, which belonged to my grandmother.

Meaning 3) Dresses that are old that can be for a grandmother who is in beautiful condition

Meaning 4) several dresses that are old but in beautiful condition that can be worn by any    grandmother.

j) Time flies like an arrow

Meaning 1) Time was as fast as an arrow, that I shot to the sky and it came quickly 
back to the ground.

Meaning 2) I can measure time and compare it to how fast it took me to fly an arrow.

     Meaning3) “time-flies” a new kind of flies that are shaped like arrows and can 
      fly as fast

     Meaning 4) Flies called “time-flies” are attracted to arrows.

Chapter 5 exercise 6 O'Malley

a. He waited by the bank.

• He waited by the financial institution.
• He waited by the river.

b. Is he really that kind?

• Is he really such a nice person?
• Is he really a particular type?

c. The proprietor of the fish store was the sole owner.

• The fish store owner was the only owner
• The fish store owner owned the sole (a kind of fish).

d. The long drill was boring.

• The long exercise was dull.
• The long machine drill was drilling a hole.

e. When he got the clear title to the land, it was a good deed.

• When...land, the deed was a good document.
• When...land, the act of getting it was good.

f. It takes a good ruler to make a straight line.

• A good monarch makes a straight line.
• A good tool used to measure length makes a straight line.

g. He saw that gasoline can explode.

• He learned that gasoline has the property of being able to explode.
• He watched the can of gasoline explode.

h. You should see her shop.

• She shops really well (or really poorly).
• Her shop is worth looking at or going into.

i. Every man loves a woman.

• All the men love the same woman.
• Each man loves one particular woman, though not the same one.

j. You get half off the cost of your hotel room if you make your own bed.

•  If you straighten the bedclothes, you will reduce your bill by 50%.
• If you build your own bed, you will reduce your bill by 50%.

 k. "It's his job to lose" (said the coach about his new player).

• His purpose in playing is to lose the game.
• He has got a good thing going, only he can screw it up. (idiom)

l. Challenge exercise: Bill wants to marry a Norwegian woman.

• Bill wants to marry a particular Norwegian woman.
• Bill wants to marry any woman, so long as she is Norwegian.

Chapter 5 Question 7_D'Arpa

Go on a idiom hunt. Write down all the idioms that are used:

• long time no see
• it's a long story
• to make a long story short
• the more the merrier
• how time flies 
• you can say that again

Chapter 4 Question 23_D'Arpa

a. should have been being filled (Verb Phrase)
         /                      \
should (Auxiliary)    have been being filled (VP)
                                   /               \
                   have (Auxiliary)       been being filled (VP)
                                                       /              \
                               been (Aux)                being filled (VP)
                                                                                /         \
                                                             being (Aux)     filled (V)

b. cursed the day I was born the day I was born (Verb Phrase)
        /                                     \
cursed (Verb)                        the day I was born the day I was born (Noun Phrase)
                                                /                                \
                        the (Determiner)    day I was born the day I was born (NP)
                                                       |     |                         \               
                                            day (N)    I (N)         was born the day I was born (VP)

                                                                                  /         |                 \
                                                                      was (Aux)   born (V) the day I was born (VP)
                                                                                                                                |     |           \
                                                                                                        the (D)  day (N)  I (N) was (Aux) born (V)

CHAPTER4EXERCISE21_CHAPIN

Surface structure:  Do you still love me as much as you used to?

Deep structure:  Do you still love me as m uch as you used to [love me]?


If you take take the deep structure and make a transformation that deletes the VP held in brackets, then you have accounted for the meanings of the two sentences. Deletion can take place when it is possible to figure out easily from the context just what has been deleted.

For the old women, it wasn't so easy; however, for me, it a piece of cake. Notice how I just made a VP deletion right there. I'm sure you had no problem following it either.


Surface structure: For the old woman, it wasn't so easy; however, for me, it was a piece of cake.

Deep structure: For the old women, [finding the deletion] wasn't so easy; however, for me, it as a piece of cake.

Chapter 4 exercise #3 - A. Williams

Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two ways to show that
you understand the ambiguity involved.

Dick finally decided on that boat.
-Dick finally decided which boat he would buy.
- Dick made a decision on the perfect boat.

The professor’s appointment was shocking.
-During the teachers appointment, he heard some shocking news.
-The professor scheduled an appointment with Angie, due to her
shocking test scores.

The design has big squares and circles.
-The design on my shirt has big circles and squares.
-The design on the vase has beautiful geometric shapes.

The sheepdog is too hairy to eat.
-The dog is not only big but also hairy.
-The sheepdog is too hairy for him to eat.

Could this be the invisible man’s hair tonic?
-Is this hair tonic used by the visible man?
-The invisible man uses expensive hair tonic.

The governor is a dirty street fighter.
-The governor fights dirty when it comes to politics.
-A state official uses dirty tricks to win his campaign.

I cannot recommend him highly.
-I do not highly recommend him for this job due to his previous job
performance.
-I can not say any thing nice about Mr.Wilson’s work ethics.

Terry loves his wife and so do I.
-Terry loves his wife and I love my wife.
-I love Terry’s wife as much as Terry does.

They said she would go yesterday.
-Yesterday, they said she would go.
-Debra said, “Yesterday Tammy went to the store.”

No smoking section available.
-There is a no smoking section in the back of the restaurant.
-You are not permitted to smoke in this area.

Chapter4#12_Shah

a.      a lovely pillow –

·        Can stand alone - What did Martha find? 

·        Can be replaced by a pronoun like word.

·        Can move as a unit.

                 It's a constitutent.

b.  light in this room –

·        Cannot stand alone.

·        Cannot be replaced by a pronoun like word.

·        Cannot move as a unit.

·        It’s not a constituent.

c.  if Bonnie has finished packing her books –

·        It can stand alone.

·        It can move as a unit if words are added to it.

·        It’s a constitutent.

d.      in her class –

·        It can stand alone.

·        Replacement by a pronoun – there

·        It can be moved as a unit.

·        It’s a prepositional phrase.

·        It’s a constitutent.

e.      Pete and Max, the bone –

·        Move as a unit - Are Pete and Max fighting over the bone?

·        They can stand alone.

·        They can be replaced by a pronoun-they, it.

·        Both are a constituent.

f.    and to Max-
·        It cannot stand alone.
·        It cannot be replaced by a pronoun.
·        It cannot be moved as a unit.
·        It’s not a constituent.

g.      Pete and –  not a constituent.

     same reasons as (f)

CHAPTER4EXERCISE20_MYERS

Chapter 4 Exercise 20

State at least three differences between English and the following languages, using just the sentence(s) given. Ignore lexical differences (i.e., the different vocabulary).

a. French

1. In French the tenses are changed in the word (comprendra/comprendront) to mean more then one and in English do not change the verb to make it plural.
2. In French the determiner (the) becomes plural when the noun becomes plural, in English we do not have a pluralized form of the determiner (the).
3. In French each word in the sentence is pluralized when the sentence becomes plural, in English only select words are pluralized in order to create a plural sentence.
   

b. Japanese

1. In Japanese they use a marker to show the subject, in English we do not use markers to show the subject.
2. In Japanese they use a marker to show the object, in English we do not use markers to show the object.
3. In Japanese the noun precedes the verb, in English the verb precedes the noun.

c. Swahili

1. In Swahili the class marker is attached to the word, in English we use a determiner in this space unattached to the word.
2. In Swahili the nouns are not plural, the sentence is pluralized by the verb (a- (he)/ wa- (they)). In English we pluralize the nouns (child/children, cup/cups), not the verb.
3. In Swahili the verb tenses of past and present are changed in the middle of the word, in English we change the word form or attach -ed or -ing to the end of the verb.

d. Korean

1. Korean has subject markers, we do not use subject markers in English.
2. Korean has object markers, we do not use object markers in English.
3. In Korean the noun comes before the verb, in English the verb comes before the noun.
4. In Korean a word is added on to the last word of the sentence in order to tell that the sentence is a question, in English we use a symbol (a question mark) to show this.

e. Tagalog

1. In Tagalog the verb comes before the subject, in English the subject comes before the verb.
2. Tagalog uses topic markers, there is not an equivalent in English.
3. In Tagalog the adjective and the adverb come before the noun, in English the noun comes before he adjective and the adverb.

Ch. 4, # 5 A.Haddad

#5. Draw two phrase structure trees representing the two meanings of the sentence "The magician touched the child with the wand." Be sure to indicate which meaning goes with which tree.

CHAPTER4_eXERCISE3_wOODS

May 15, 2012

Chapter 4_Exercise3_Woods

Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two ways to show that you understand the ambiguity involved:

1. Dick finally decided on the boat.

i.                     Dick made a decision about something on the boat.

ii.                   Dick decided which boat he would buy.

2. The professor’s appointment was shocking.

i.                     The person the professor appointed shocked us all.

ii.                   We were shocked when that professor was appointed.

3. The design has big squares and circles.

i.                     The design was made with large squares and circles.

ii.                   Big squares and circles are part of the design.

4. That sheepdog is too hairy to eat.

i.                     The sheepdog’s hair makes it too messy for him to eat.

ii.                   If sheepdog was a menu item, it would be too hairy for me to eat. I can’t eat that much hair.

5. Could this be the invisible man’s hair tonic?

i.                     This tonic is so light it would only work on an invisible man.

ii.                   If I ever found hair tonic it would have to belong to the invisible man.

6. The governor is a dirty street fighter.

i.                     The governor can get really tough when he is fighting crime in the streets.

ii.                   Our dirty rotten governor is not above fighting people right out in the street.

7. I cannot recommend him too highly.

i.    I couldn’t possibly give him a better recommendation.

ii.    I couldn’t get any higher than this to recommend him to you.

8. Terry loves his wife and so do I.

9. Terry and I are in love with the same woman.

ii. My friend Terry has a wonderful wife – we all love her.

10. They said she would go yesterday.

i.                     They told me that she would go to the shop yesterday.

ii.                   The people that I work with said she would quit, effective yesterday.

11. No smoking section available.

i.                     If you don’t smoke, we have a no smoking section for you.

ii.                   If you do smoke, we don’t have a smoking section for you.

Tina's Syntax Exercises

Chapter 4- Syntax- Exercises  #3 and #12- Christina Auth

Exercise #3

a.       Dick finally made a decision about something when  he was on the boat.

Dick finally made a decision that he wanted the boat.

b.      The outcome of the professor’s appointment or meeting was shocking

The person that the professor was meeting for an appointment was shocking.

c.       The design has big squares and also has circles.

The design has big squares and big circles.

d.       The sheep dog is difficult to eat because it is so hairy.

The sheepdog has difficulty eating because it is so hairy.

e.       Could this be the hair tonic that belongs to the invisible man?

Could this be a hair tonic referred to as the invisible man’s hair tonic?

f.         The governor fights dirty (cheats) on the street or when in public.

The governor is dirty or unclean and fights against the public.

g.        I cannot give him too high of a recommendation.

 I cannot recommend  to him that he do something  too much.

h.       Terry loves his wife and I love her also.

Terry loves his wife and I love my wife also.

i.          Yesterday, they said she would go.

They said that yesterday  she would go somewhere.

j.         The no smoking section is available.

There is no section that is still available in which you can smoke.

      Exercise #12

a.        Yes.  Direct object

b.       No.

c.        Yes.  Direct object.

d.       Yes.  Prepositional phrase.

e.      Yes.  Subject

Yes.  Object of a preposition.

f.         No