Exercise #5
#5. What are
the arguments and evidence that have been put forth to support the notion that
there are two separate parts of the brain?
Humans
do not have ‘two brains,’ but we do have two simultaneous systems of mental
organization and functioning. Each side
of the brain is whole and complete in itself.
Each side of the brain has highly specialized skills (however one side
can substitute for the other side of there is significant damage to either
side.
Some
of the scholars hypothesized that the ‘left brain ‘ does, the ‘right brain’
is. Both side are very active, though in
markedly different ways. The left brain
functions as an analyzer for the right brain’s perceptions and the right brain
is responsible for a holistic perception of the world.
A. Autopsies performed on human brains have
revealed – “the brain is composed of
cerebral hemispheres, one on the right and one on the left, joined by the
corpus callosum.”
B. The two hemispheres do not operate
independently – “ the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body, and
the right hemisphere controls the left side.”
C. Franz Joseph Gall – proposed the theory of
localization (“cognitive abilities and behaviors are localized”), with language
in the frontal lobe. Phrenology –
examining bumps on the skull.
D. Paul Broca – proposed that (Aphasia), “language
is localized and we speak with the hemisphere.” Including ‘labored speech, word finding
difficulties, and agramatic.’
E. Joseph Wernicke – proposed (Lateralization), “a
cognitive function being localized on one side of the brain or the other”, with
language on the left side, and is modular.
Supports the theory that , “mental grammar is not an undifferentiated
system.”
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