o
It can stand alone.
§ What did Martha find for the couch? A lovely pillow.
o
It can be replaced by a pronoun-like
word.
§ Martha found it
for the couch.
o
It can move as a unit.
§ A lovely
pillow was what Martha found for the
couch.
§ It was a lovely pillow
that Martha found for the couch.
o
It is a noun phrase.
o
“a
lovely pillow” is a constituent.
b.
The light in this room is
terrible.
o
It cannot stand alone.
o
It cannot be replaced by a
pronoun-like word.
o
It cannot move as a unit.
o
"the light in this room" is not a constituent.
c.
I wonder if Bonnie has finished
packing her books.
o
It can stand alone.
§ What do I wonder? If
Bonnie has finished packing her books.
o
It cannot be replaced by a pronoun.
o
It cannot move as a unit the way
that it is. Words would need to be added.
o
“if
Bonnie has finished packing her books” is not a constituent.
d.
Melissa slept in her class.
o
It can stand alone.
§ Where did Melissa sleep? In
her class
o
It can be replaced by a pronoun-like
word.
§ Melissa slept there.
o
It can be moved as a unit.
§ In her
class is where Melissa slept.
o
It is a prepositional phrase.
o
“in
her class” is a constituent.
e.
Pete and
Max are fighting over the bone.
o
Both can stand alone.
§ Who is fighting over the bone? Pete and Max
§ What are Pete and Max fighting over? the bone
o
Both can be replaced by a
pronoun-like word.
§ They are fighting over the bone.
§ Pete and Max are fighting over it.
o
Both can be moved as a unit.
§ Are Pete and Max
fighting over the bone?
§ The bone is what Pete and Max
are fighting over.
o
Pete and Max
is a noun phrase; the bone is a noun
phrase also (I think).
o
"Pete and Max"
and "the bone" are constituents.
f.
I gave a bone to Pete and to Max
yesterday.
o
It cannot stand alone.
o
It cannot be replaced by a pronoun
like word.
o
It cannot be moved as a unit.
o
"and to Max" is not a constituent.
g.
I gave a bone to Pete and to
Max yesterday.
o
It cannot stand alone.
o
It cannot be replaced by a pronoun
like word.
o
It cannot be moved as a unit.
o
"Pete and" is not a constituent.
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